(1) cognition: attention/concentration, memory, perception, judgment, information processing, abstract concepts, time and space relationship, reading and writing skills, and mood;

(2) movement abilities: strength, endurance, coordination (e.g., tremors), swallowing, and balance;

(3) sensation: tactile sensation and special senses such as vision.

The physical manifestations often include the loss of speech, vision and hearing, lack of coordination, paralysis, headaches, fatigue, and seizures of all kinds (i.e., epilepsy). In addition to the obvious physical effects of a brain injury, an individual can experience problems with behavior (e.g., fatigue, anxiety, agitation, mood swings, low self-esteem), difficulty with social relationships (keeping and making friends, interaction) and with personality changes (e.g., apathy, irritability, depression).